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article by Claudyne Li The COVID-19 pandemic caused a health crisis that was rapidly spreading throughout the world. Efforts to develop pharmacological interventions for COVID-19 prevention and treatment are still ongoing and have not yet produced the right solution. Meanwhile, the health crisis also impacts large-scale behavioral changes with a significant psychological burden on humans. The impact is not only an economic crisis but also a mental health crisis experienced by the community. The condition of people who are more often at home now will certainly cause the free time to watch television, browse social networks, the internet, or get information through close relatives. The delivery of messages through the process of communication is influenced by emotional and spiritual intelligence (Masturi and Utami, 2018:107). Poor communication results in a low level of emotional and spiritual intelligence, such as mental illness (like fear, boredom, anxiety, depression, or even suicidal behavior). This shows that communication is closely related to a person's psychological condition. Therefore, it is very important to convey appropriate information and communication to prevent hoax news while maintaining the mental health of the community. Individuals who take a rational approach to health problems and consultations from various sources of information are generally better at deciding which information can be trusted. Health-related behavior is influenced by various structural, social, and psychological factors. Communication strategies can influence all of these factors, and communication strategies and communication science perspectives are relevant across structural, public, and self-stigma (Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms et al., 2016: 53). At present, the whole world is in chaos due to the identification and spread of COVID-19. Thousands of articles published in the mass media have a big impact every day. Thus, people with low levels of information literacy risk failing to access the right information. This is due to the fact that misleading and/or speculative information is being circulated online and offline through mass media and social networking platforms. While scientists are trying to publicize their breakthroughs in science, more attention needs to be paid to the aspect of scientific communication that includes public information. Science communication provides the basis for understanding the effects of message features, content, and platforms on four aspects which are combined into one, such as cognitive, affective, persuasive, and behavior. All of these aspects depend on the characteristics of the audience, the media, the source of the message, and the specific content used in the message. According to Burns et al. (2003:191), science communication (SciCom) may be defined as the use of appropriate skills, media, activities, and dialogue to produce one or more of the following personal responses to science that are sequentially processed into awareness, enjoyment or other affective responses, interest, opinions, and understanding. Dissemination of information around a pandemic encourages facts about the importance of effective scientific communication. COVID-19 has caused an increase in conspiracy theories, false news, and misinformation. According to conspiracy theories, the virus outbreak was the result of a biological warfare rather than natural occurrence (Millett and Snyder (2017) in Abaido and Takshe (2020:123)). Conspiracy theories emerged shortly after the first news of COVID-19 and continued. Some are concerned about the origin of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, for example, that it is a bioweapon created by China to trigger war on America or vice versa. Others focus on prevention and cure. No wonder that conspiracy theories have developed at this time. Someone will be more interested in conspiracy theories when feeling frustrated or even depressed. Thus, conspiracy theories can become more attractive because COVID-19 spreads, and many people isolate themselves. It should be noted that conspiracy theories be detrimental to social peace and harmony, as they can not only influence people's health choices but can also instigate xenophobia in societies, triggering violent social behavior (Adam and Moodley (2013) in Abaido and Takshe (2020:123)). Providing factual information to people before exposure to conspiracy theories can reduce conspiracy theory beliefs, and this strategy might work in an effort to combat conspiracy theories relevant to the current pandemic. However, because some people tend to consume information in a like-minded 'echo-chambers', battling conspiracy theories remains a challenge (Bavel et al., 2020:464). False news and misinformation about COVID-19 have spread widely on social media, with potentially dangerous consequences. Developing research uses social science to understand and fight the spread of false news. One approach is to eliminate prejudice using fact-checking and correction (Bavel et al., 2020: 464). Fact-checking has been done on several sites, one of which is the site factcheck.org. UNICEF has also implemented fact-checking by publishing verified content. Accurate information about what most people do is likely to help, for example, what most people do is constructive (such as promoting mental health). Social norms or perceived habits will be effective for those close to them as well as with whom the information is shared. Social media can strengthen the spread of both harmful and beneficial behaviors and this effect can spread through networks between individuals. The most effective collaborative efforts are based on communication science and informed by behavior theory. Technological and mathematical knowledge played a key role in generating high-profile contemporary examples of science communication. Holliman (2005:7) mentions that one of the key issues that links these examples is that they have all be the subject of a considerable number of communications in a wide range of contexts, e.g within (in the form of journal articles) and outside (in the form of news media reporting) scientific community. Science communication related to each example was produced by a number of social actors, including scientists and representatives of scientific institutions, professional media, non-governmental organizations, and community members. For example, the broadcasting of the latest news COVID-19 in Indonesia which is informed every day by a doctor as well as an influencer. As such, these examples represent interesting opportunities to investigate how science is communicated both inside and outside the community with a focus, especially on the role of scientists and scientific institutions. In science communication, researchers have explored a number of messaging approaches, including providing information in an evidence-based way that enhances understanding and action. Several studies have found that, whether the recipient is motivated to think carefully or not, sources that are considered credible are more persuasive. The source's credibility comes from the assumption of how trustworthy and expert the communicator is. Credibility is defined as a set of communicant perceptions about the nature of the communicator (Masturi and Utami, 2018:116). Trusted voices have been proven to make public health messages more effective in changing behavior during epidemics. Some messaging approaches may be effective, including emphasizing benefits to the recipient, with a focus on protecting others (for example, washing hands or wearing masks to protect parents and the elderly) in accordance with the recipient's moral values. Which message works best depends on the motivation of the audience. In addition to finding effective messages for attitude change, this is also linked to problems driving behavior change. This happens when people feel confident about their attitude. This method of increasing certainty can be useful in the new normal era especially to help people feel confident about their new attitude and make them feel that their new attitude is a 'moral' to have. It might be useful to identify which messages are most successful in encouraging individual actions needed to fight the spread of the virus while providing mental support to other individuals. Another preventive approach involves subtle impulses that encourage people to consider accuracy. At present, almost all humans have consumed information from social media. Social platforms can encourage users to provide accuracy, for example by periodically asking these users to assess the accuracy of their news. Fighting false news (hoaxes) about COVID-19 around the world effectively requires the support of governments and media developing and testing interventions. Coordinated efforts between individuals, communities, and governments are needed to stop the spread of disease by sending 'strong signals' of cooperation and a framework that is in line. A good science communication campaign increases public knowledge about the truth of information related to mental health and also changes behavior towards people with mental disorders. Science communication will identify which norms and public behavior should be targeted, compile messages that must be remembered so that they have a lasting impact, and facilitate the selection of platforms or the best source of messages. Therefore, science-based communication can reduce the stigma of negative beliefs and behaviors that have an impact on mental health and strengthen people's positive attitudes. (CL) References Abaido, G. M. dan Takshe, A. A. 2020. COVID-19: Virus or Viral Conspiracy Theories? American Journal of Biomedical Science & Research 8(2): 122-124. Bavel, J.J.V., Baicker, K., Boggio, P.S. 2020. Using social and behavioural science to support COVID-19 pandemic response. Nat Hum Behav. Burns, T. W., O’Connor, D. J., dan Stocklmayer, S. M. 2003. Science communication: a contemporary definition. Public Understand. Sci. 12(2): 183-202. Committee on the Science of Changing Behavioral Health Social Norms, Board on Behavioral, Cognitive, and Sensory Sciences, dan Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. 2016. Ending Discrimination Against People with Mental and Substance Use Disorders: The Evidence for Stigma Change. National Academies Press. Washington, DC. Holliman, Richard. 2005. An introduction to communicating science. The Open University. UK. Masturi, A. dan Utami, D. A. 2018. Kecerdasan Komunikasi dan Kesehatan Mental. Jurnal Kajian Dakwah dan Kemasyarakatan 22(2): 107-122.

article by Claudyne Li About a month ago, I read a book by Azim Jamal, a professional inspirational visionary and social volunteer for the past 35 years. This book with the title "Seven Steps to Lasting Happiness" has opened my mind and my heart how valuable this life I just realized. Happiness has nothing to do with what we have. Happiness is not decisive and intangible but only we can determine the standards of living and happiness. Every person is born with a purpose or vision in their life. The future as we see it, is something that is unknown and scary for most of us. We also have a variety of questions that may be hard to answer: what is the purpose of my life? How do I know that what I did was right? Will I be able to make it? What will happen after I die? How to live a happy life? Speaking of happiness, let's figure out that it can be achieved if we involve the side of our experience and the potential we have. Happiness without limits can be achieved through knowledge, inner wealth, and the potential for spirituality to create healthy and beneficial relationships. There are seven steps offered by Azim Jamal regarding self-happiness. Discover Yourself The first step to getting the things you want out of life is this: Decide what you want. -Ben Stein- In this life, everyone has a goal. We must travel to find the true nature of our life's purpose. The clearer the vision of life that we set, the greater our chance to fulfill it. Every day is new, a day that makes us always learn about ourselves and the environment around us. In order to keep learning, we need to pay attention and reflect on our daily experiences. We can only learn, at least one important lesson every day, if we are truly aware of what is happening around us. Maintain Positive Attitudes Gratitude is merely the secret hope of further favors. -Francois Duc de la Rouchefoucauld- Graces come to us every day. Some people may get more graces than others. However, the more we focus on what we have and what we receive every day, the more graces we will get. So, enjoying and being grateful for every little thing not only makes us focus on the positive things in life but also creates energy to develop these gifts. We don't need to worry about what other people think of ourselves and make it a habit to be prejudiced to others. The more we focus on our thoughts and actions, the more we can control our own happiness. Hone Your Life Skills If we can see beauty things, we are beautiful too. Various roles are carried out in life with limited time. Throughout this life, we must fulfill our responsibilities and try to realize our dreams. Focusing attention on the main things and always have a balanced view, then we will be able to resolve all responsibilities and create harmony. When we work proudly, edifying and helping others, and being true leaders at every step, we have made a positive difference in ourselves and others. Build Healthy Relationships The happiest moments of my life have been the few which I have passed at home in the bosom of my family. -Thomas Jefferson- Relationships are very important. It is equally essential to be able to nurture our relationships and let them grow. If we have a healthy, loving relationship, respect for each other, always communicate, and teach each other lessons, we will experience happiness. Let Ethics and Values Be Your Guide Character is the basis of happiness and happiness the sanction of character. -George Santayana- Living ethically, habits of forgiving others, and sincerity of intentions are the three things we need so that we can relate to spiritual reality, and in turn, we will feel God's presence. Of all the bliss that exist, nothing can match the bliss of giving. When we treat others well, we actually treat our own lives. It always multiplies a million times. The more we give, the more we have. Awaken Your Spirituality A prayer that comes from the heart can move mountains. In contrast to the mortal and temporal dimensions of physical life, our spiritual life is eternal. If we want eternal happiness, we must connect with spiritual reality and try to carry out every activity as a divine activity. Whatever we do, we must see the spiritual benefits. In this way, we can change purely our actions into spiritual actions. Through prayer, meditation, contemplation of the universe, and inseparable relationship with spiritual reality, we can live a blessed and happy life. Enjoy The Ride Time is free, but it’s priceless. You can’t own it, but you can use it. You can’t keep it, but you can spend it. Once you’ve lost it you can never get it back. -Harvey Mackay- Happiness is a choice. When we think that we are happy, we are happy. In that way, we will be able to face all the challenges of life with high self-confidence and optimism. We often get lost, in an attempt to find ourselves, but this also leads us to new doors. We might not figure it out at first glance, but these bits and pieces of our journey will all slowly fall into a place someday. Enjoy your days, enjoy the moment. Long-lasting happiness is achieved after we enjoy all the processes that occur in our lives. Keep going! Happiness.. it depends upon ourselves. (CL)

artikel oleh Midola N. dan Claudyne Li dalam Essay Writing Contest 2020 Indonesia memberlakukan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) untuk membatasi pergerakan orang maupun barang selama COVID-19. Kebijakan PSBB mengakibatkan gangguan distribusi mulai dari keterlambatan distribusi, kenaikan harga dan kelangkaan barang. Pangan dianggap sebagai barang kebutuhan dasar sehingga masih diperbolehkan beroperasi, tetapi dilakukan pemeriksaan pada titik-titik tertentu yang dapat menyebabkan antrian padat pada pendistribusian pangan. Kualitas pangan harus tetap dijaga selama pendistribusian berlangsung. Selain gangguan transportasi pada distribusi pangan harus diminimalisasi, penting juga untuk memastikan pangan dapat dijangkau konsumen rumah tangga. Apabila dilihat dari sudut pandang masyarakat sebagai konsumen, masih banyak masyarakat yang belum bisa menjangkau ketersediaan pangan dalam rumah tangga. Kebijakan PSBB menyebabkan kelumpuhan ekonomi bagi sejumlah pihak sehingga tidak mendapat pemasukan. Ketahanan pangan pun semakin sulit dijangkau oleh kaum marjinal. Penerapan I-Frozle Frozen food adalah proses pembekuan makanan baik daging, sayuran, atau buah yang disimpan dalam kondisi dingin dan beku sebagai upaya pengawetan sampai produk tersebut akan dikonsumsi. Mengolah bahan pangan mentah yang tidak bisa diserap pasar menjadi frozen food dapat mengatasi kerugian saat harga anjlok. Penerapan I-Frozle (Inovasi Frozen Vegetable) menjadikan inovasi pengawetan sayuran untuk mengurangi aktivitas berbelanja ke pasar tradisional, di mana hal ini juga dapat menjadi sebuah peluang usaha frozen food. Pandemi COVID-19 telah menggeser gaya hidup masyarakat untuk lebih praktis dan higienis sehingga berdampak pada semakin terbukanya peluang pasar frozen food. Pandemi COVID-19 membuat pelaku usaha berpikir keras untuk mengatasi produk yang tidak laku dan mendekati tenggat kadaluarsa (expired date). Banyak pelaku usaha yang melanggar batas acuan penggunaan pengawet dan bahkan memakai bahan pengawet yang tidak semestinya agar lebih awet dan murah padahal BPOM telah mengeluarkan standar batasan dalam penggunaan bahan pengawet dalam produk pangan. I-Frozle merupakan suatu inovasi yang ditawarkan bukan hanya untuk makanan beku seperti daging tetapi juga memberikan inovasi penyimpanan sayuran beku sebagai penunjang suplai pangan selama pandemi COVID-19. I-Frozle tidak menggunakan bahan pengawet yang berbahaya. Teknik pembekuan pada I-Frozle menjadi dasar prinsip untuk mengawetkan produk pangan tersebut. Masyarakat pun aman mengonsumsi I-Frozle. Pembekuan sayuran segar mungkin masih belum familiar diterapkan di Indonesia, namun sudah banyak digunakan dan dipasarkan di negara-negara maju seperti di Amerika, Jepang, dan Hongkong. Sayuran segar yang dipetik langsung dari pertanian adalah yang terbaik untuk dibekukan. Jika sayuran tidak dapat dibekukan segera setelah panen, menyimpan sayuran di dalam kulkas adalah pilihan untuk menjaga kesegarannya sampai sayuran siap untuk dibekukan. Proses pembekuan khususnya pada sayuran (vegetable) yang diterapkan pada I-Frozle dimulai dengan pelayuan atau blanching. Pelayuan (Blanching) dan Pendinginan (Cooling) Blanching adalah proses mendidihkan sayuran dalam air atau uap untuk waktu yang singkat untuk memperlambat atau menghentikan aktivitas enzim serta menghilangkan mikroorganisme pada permukaan sayur. Blanching dapat dilakukan dengan merebus atau mengukus. Jika enzim tidak dihentikan sebelum pembekuan, sayuran dapat terus menjadi matang, mengembangkan rasa tidak enak dan kehitaman sehingga mungkin tidak terlihat segar seperti bentuk awal. Hal ini bertujuan menonaktifkan enzim peroksidase, yang dianggap sebagai penyebab degradasi pasca-pembekuan. Proses pemanasan ini dapat melunakkan dan membuatnya lebih mudah untuk dikemas. Beberapa mikroorganisme juga mati dan warnanya akan menjadi cerah. Waktu blanching bervariasi dengan ukuran atau jenis sayuran, dan disarankan cukup lama untuk menghentikan atau menghancurkan enzim sekitar 2 menit. Underblanching dapat merangsang aktivitas beberapa enzim dan membuat sayuran tidak memucat sama sekali. Overblanching menyebabkan hilangnya vitamin, mineral, rasa dan warna. Blanching pada produk hasil ternak seperti ikan, daging sapi, atau ayam tidak diperlukan tetapi langsung dibekukan dalam freezer. Setelah dipanaskan, sayuran harus didinginkan dengan cepat dan menyeluruh (thawing) untuk menghentikan pemasakan dan menghindari suhu tinggi di mana jaringan sayuran yang terpapar akan menyebabkan kehilangan nutrisi yang berlebihan. Selain itu, penurunan suhu akan menghambat proliferasi mikroorganisme kontaminan yang menyebabkan kerusakan pada jaringan. Setelah pemanasan, sayuran dimasukkan ke dalam air dingin atau air es yang banyak. Mungkin dibutuhkan waktu yang cukup lama untuk mendinginkan sayuran seperti halnya memanaskannya. Saat sayuran sudah dingin, kemudian diangkat dari air dan ditiriskan sampai bersih. Penyimpanan pangan dan sayuran sebaiknya tidak menyisakan sedikitpun adanya udara dalam wadah atau plastik. Sayuran sebaiknya dibungkus dengan kantong polietilen (PEHD) yang buram dan berkepadatan tinggi, dengan permeabilitas rendah baik untuk kelembaban maupun oksigen. Biasanya, warna putih digunakan untuk kantong polietilen. Film plastik yang buram akan melindungi produk dari radiasi, sehingga menghindari oksidasi. Selain pengemasan dalam film polietilen buram, kemasan untuk produk frozen vegetable juga dapat menggunakan seperti kertas/karton. Pengemasan dianjurkan untuk mengikat bagian ujung plastik setelah membungkus sayuran atau menyegel dengan karet. Sayuran yang dikemas harus tertutup rapat dan tidak mudah untuk masuknya udara. Penyimpanan (Freezing) Teknik pembekuan yang diterapkan pada pengolahan frozen vegetable dapat menjaga kualitas produk pangan. Pembekuan juga menjadikan produk pangan lebih awet. Pembekuan ini dapat menghambat proses pertumbuhan mikroorganisme penyebab kebusukan dan kerusakan. Pengaruh suhu lingkungan tumbuhnya mikroorganisme jika berada pada tingkat rendah atau <4°C maka suatu mikroorganisme akan berada pada posisi tidak aktif, dan akan aktif kembali seiring meningkatnya suhu lingkungan tumbuhnya (Madigan et al., 2012). Jenis pembekuan terbagi menjadi dua golongan yaitu pembekuan cepat (quick freezing) dan pembekuan lambat (slow freezing). Produk frozen vegetable harus tetap disimpan pada suhu pada beku antara -20°C sampai -40°C agar tetap awet. Buah dan sayuran adalah produk yang paling sensitif terhadap kerusakan penyimpanan, terutama pada suhu penyimpanan beku yang relatif hangat. Misalnya, pada suhu penyimpanan -5°C, periode penyimpanan maksimum yang disarankan adalah antara satu dan lima bulan. Produk-produk ini dapat mengalami sedikit pencairan dari waktu ke waktu, dan akan melepaskan cairan atau kehilangan nutrisi berkualitas tinggi sebagai hasilnya. Ketika suhu penyimpanan diturunkan, produk lebih stabil dan dapat disimpan untuk jangka waktu yang lebih lama. Pencairan (Thawing) Sebagian besar sayuran beku harus dimasak tanpa mencairkannya terlebih dahulu. Pengecualian jagung pada tongkolnya, harus dicairkan sebagian agar tongkolnya dipanaskan pada saat jagung dimasak (Robinson, 2004:9). Pemasakan membutuhkan waktu sekitar 10 menit dan masak hanya sampai lunak. Sayuran telah dimasak sebagian saat direbus, sehingga lebih sedikit waktu memasak yang dibutuhkan daripada sayuran segar. Pemasakan dilakukan dalam sedikit air, yaitu sekitar ½ gelas sudah cukup. Pengawasan selama penyimpanan perlu dilakukan karena fase ini akan menentukan kualitas produk beku. Untuk menghindari reaksi kimia atau biokimia, disarankan untuk menyimpan frozen vegetable pada suhu di bawah -18ºC. Fluktuasi suhu di ruang penyimpanan dapat mengganggu kualitas produk serta mengurangi masa manfaatnya (Torres dan Canet, 2001:1). Fluktuasi suhu yang cepat dapat menyebabkan penumpukan air pada permukaan internal kemasan. Selain itu, fluktuasi suhu dapat mempercepat pembentukan kristal es di dalam produk. Makanan beku, umumnya, mempertahankan warna dan rasa lebih baik daripada makanan yang diawetkan dengan metode konvensional lainnya, tetapi makanan tersebut masih berupa makanan yang diawetkan dan berbeda dari produk segar dalam karakteristik serta dalam teksturnya. Secara nutrisi, pembekuan mempertahankan nilai vitamin lebih baik daripada prosedur pengawetan konvensional lainnya karena suhu tinggi yang dapat merusak. Kehilangan nutrisi dan ketersediaan protein tidak sepenuhnya ditahan selama penyimpanan beku, namun kerugian pada penyimpanan -18°C selama satu tahun setara dengan kerugian yang terjadi pada bahan mentah dalam beberapa hari atau minggu. Nilai gizi mineral, lemak, protein, dan karbohidrat terbukti tidak terganggu oleh proses pembekuan dan sama baiknya dengan produk segar. Pembekuan tidak memerlukan pengawet karena pembekuan sendiri merupakan proses pengawetan. Walaupun banyak metode pengawetan makanan seperti penggaraman dan pengeringan, namun beberapa risiko yang ditimbulkan akan berpengaruh kepada perubahan maupun struktur terutama perubahan rasa dari makanan tersebut. Keuntungan pengawetan melalui frozen food dapat mempertahankan kualitas, rasa, dan dapat membantu mempertahankan nutrisi, mengunci vitamin dari panen hingga konsumsi serta mengurangi pembuangan sisa makanan (food waste). I-Frozle (Inovasi Frozen Vegetable) dapat dijadikan salah satu solusi untuk mencegah kerugian akibat produksi yang tidak bisa diserap pasar dan tidak bisa ditahan penjualannya. Penerapan I-Frozle di saat oversupply dapat menjaga keseimbangan harga pada pangan. Efisiensi produksi pun tercapai dengan penerapan I-Frozle di mana berkurangnya jumlah produk yang dibuang karena tidak laku ataupun rusak. Penerapan I-Frozle perlu digaungkan/disosialisasikan mulai dari petani maupun peternak hingga ke masyarakat. Dukungan dari pemerintah akan mempercepat proses transfer ilmu dan teknologi mengenai I-Frozle ke masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, pemanfaatan pengawetan produk sayuran dalam bentuk inovasi frozen vegetable atau I-Frozle dapat menunjang suplai persediaan pangan selama wabah COVID-19 karena mengefisienkan produksi dan konsumsi produk pangan serta meminimalkan kegiatan belanja di luar rumah dan mendukung aktivitas karantina selama pandemi. (MN-CL) Referensi Madigan, M.T., Martinko, J.M., Stahl, D.A., dan Clark, D.P. 2012. Biology of Microorganism. Benjamin Cummings, Pearson Ltd. USA. Robinson, J.G. 2004. Food Freezing Guide. NDSU Extension Service. North Dakota. Torres, M.D.A. dan Canet, W. 2001. Rheological properties of frozen vegetable purees. Effect of freeze-thaw cycles and thawing conditions. Eur Food Res Technol 213:30-37.

article by Claudyne Li COVID-19, a name for the novel coronavirus, which since the end of last year was endemic, is now a familiar. Various efforts have been made by all levels of society and the government to prevent transmission of the virus. But until now there has been no effective way to suppress its spread, even in Indonesia the number of COVID positive cases is increasing sharply every day. High unemployment, difficulties in education in the midst of this epidemic, or the fall of other sectors are the bad consequences currently faced by various countries. The consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak also not only affected the physical health crisis but also affected the mental health of the community. If this situation continues, there is a possibility that people's frustration will explode into social conflict. During this pandemic, mental recovery in support of mental health needs to start from yourself. Is maintaining mental health difficult? The answer is no! The most important key in keeping ourselves mentally healthy is gratitude. As humans and His creatures, the focus of our lives is God as our creator. For we brought nothing into the world, and we can take nothing out of it (1 Tim 6:7). So, be thankful in every circumstance we encounter and appreciate what we have. Gratitude is an easy thing that we often say but very difficult to do. Always be grateful at every opportunity, for example in the morning after waking up. We also need to be grateful for this pandemic because there is always a reason for everything. Many things and lessons can be taken through the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, the quarantine period at home has taught us to get closer to God or get closer to our family (such as exchanging ideas and gathering). Then, is there another way we must do to stay mentally healthy? Let's look at some of the ways below. Communication. Until now, no one has been able to defeat the importance of human communication in their lives. Communication is very much needed, especially humans who are social creatures. Don't bury your problems yourself. Sharing with family, friends, or other people like psychologists can help you solve problems. Look for someone you trust who can provide a solution or just listen to you. You will feel relieved if you want to share the story or problem you are experiencing. Sincere and forgive. As the saying "In pain there is maturity", trying to let go of what has happened and forgive something that makes you disappointed will produce maturity yourself. One important thing that you need for the health of your soul is calm. Everything should not be a burden. Forgiving someone who has hurt your feelings is actually not for that person, but for your own peace. Trying to live what is and be sincere with what has happened will create a calm and a sense of peace. Build self-esteem and self-love. Although low self-esteem is not categorized as a mental health condition in itself, there are clear links between the way we feel about ourselves and our overall mental and emotional wellbeing. Someone with low self-esteem will think negatively about themselves and believe that they do not deserve to be loved, get happiness or success. Eliminate all thoughts that humble yourself, don't compare yourself with others but build a high sense of self-esteem and self-love by loving yourself. To be yourself is a blessing, love ourselves first so that we can share the love unconditionally. Listening to music. For some people, listening to music or songs becomes a habit to calm the mind (that's me). Music is easy to open minds and feelings, especially with the lyrics and soothing melody that might be an effective way to release the fatigue that you feel. Forget about social media for a moment. Social media and the digital world have changed people's mindsets and behavior, both constructive and destructive. You should not play social media too often. Many people just show off their lives which makes others feel insecure. We also can't blame them, maybe that's the way they forget the stress or frustration. However, the bad effects can actually be felt by others. Misinformation (hoaxes) also often arises from social media. Therefore, you need to be vigilant and be careful of social media. Help others. The final but not the last thing that can be done to maintain our mental health is to help others. Helping others is also useful in building self-esteem because happiness is obtained not in a selfish way. If we give happiness to others, we will instead accept it too. Believe me! Maintaining mental health is not easy. However, you have many opportunities to make yourself mentally healthy. It all starts with yourself. Keep your spirits up and don't forget to always maintain a healthy body to avoid disease! (CL)

artikel oleh Claudyne Li Industri kelinci yang dikenal dengan rabbitry kebanyakan dipelihara secara komersial untuk diambil daging, kulit (fur), wool dan untuk kepentingan pekerjaan di laboratorium. Bisnis ternak kelinci pertama-tama dimulai dengan menetapkan tujuan pemeliharaannya, yaitu apakah sebagai kelinci pedaging (komersial), kelinci hias (fancy), atau kelinci bulu/kulit. Tujuan ini juga berfungsi untuk memfokuskan pemeliharaan (daging/kulit/bulu) dan perlu dipelajari cara-cara pemuliabiakan (breeding) kelinci yang baik. Breeding yang baik akan berpengaruh terhadap kualitas kelinci dan keturunannya, poin ini juga berkaitan dengan reproduksi, pakan, dan manajemen lainnya. Seleksi kelinci pejantan maupun betina dilakukan berdasarkan tujuan pemeliharaannya, ketersediaan pasar untuk produk akhir, serta kesukaan pribadi peternak. Kelinci diseleksi berdasar kemampuannya untuk menghasilkan keturunan dalam jumlah besar dengan kondisi badan yang kompak, tubuh yang berdaging, paha yang tebal, serta loin dan punggung yang tebal. Seperti halnya usaha peternakan lain, catatan produksi juga sangat penting dalam proses seleksi. Catatan individu tipe pejantan, betina serta saudara-saudaranya digunakan untuk memilih kelinci. FUN FACTS🐇 Tiga karakteristik ternak kelinci: Ovulasi induksi, yaitu ovulasi dapat terjadi karena ada rangsangan. Ovulasi terjadi 10 jam setelah terjadi rangsangan. Fertilisasi terjadi 1-2 jam setelah ovulasi, daya fertil ovum 6 jam. Pseudoruminan (ruminansia semu), yaitu herbivora yang tidak dapat mencerna serat kasar dengan baik, namun mempunyai caecum yang menyerupai rumen dan di sini terjadi pencernaan secara fermentatif, caecum ini besarnya 50% dari kapasitas saluran pencernaan atau bagian utama dari usus besar. Coprophagy terjadi mulai umur 3 minggu, ialah suatu proses memakan kembali feses lunak langsung dari anus yang terjadi pada malam hari atau pagi hari berikutnya. Feses lunak berwarna hijau muda ini merupakan konsentrat bakteri yang dilapisi mucus. Keberhasilan dalam peternakan kelinci seperti halnya pada usaha-usaha lainnya, tergantung pada tatalaksana yang diterapkan. Keterampilan tatalaksana hendaknya selalu didasarkan pada pengetahuan peternak terhadap kelinci. Besarnya usaha kelinci bervariasi dan semuanya membutuhkan perkandangan dan perlengkapan dasar lainnya agar tatalaksana yang diterapkan berhasil. Kelinci membutuhkan zat-zat atau nutrisi dalam keberlangsungan hidupnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan diri dan produksi. Pakan berperan besar dalam pemeliharaan kelinci. Jumlah kebutuhan atau jenis pakan tergantung pada umur, tujuan produksi serta laju atau kecepatan pertumbuhannya sehingga pemenuhan pakan harus selalu tercukupi. Kebutuhan dan pemberian pakan kelinci yang baik. Syarat pemberian pakan: pakan dengan palatabilitas yang tinggi, mudah didapat, tersedia terus menerus di daerah tempat ternak kelinci, harganya murah, mengandung zat makanan yang sesuai kebutuhan kelinci untuk berbagai macam periode, bersih dan bebas busuk, bebas benda berbahaya, dan apabila pakannya hijauan rumput sebaiknya menggunakan rumput yang lunak. Pakan utama adalah hijauan (rumput lapangan, sayuran seperti kol, sawi, dan kangkung, daun kacang, turi, kacang panjang, daun ketela rambat). Pakan dapat diberikan sebanyak 1-2 kg per hari. Pakan diberikan sebanyak dua kali sehari. Kelinci yang hanya diberi pakan sekali sehari misalnya induk yang sedang kering pemberian dilakukan pada siang hari menjelang sore karena kelinci akan makan terutama pada malam hari. Umbi-umbian sebagai pakan pelengkap: umbi segar (air 60-95%). Biji-bijian sebagai pakan penguat (induk bunting/menyusui): jagung, kedelai, kacang hijau, bulgur, padi, kacang tanah, sorghum diberikan 200-300 gram per hari. Pakan pelet untuk kelinci komersial harus mengandung berbagai mineral dan vitamin: Garam (sodium chloride, Ca, P, Mg dan potasium) ditambahkan pada ransum 0,5-1% , vitamin (A,D,E,K dan suplementasi seperti niasin, piridoxyn, cobalt precursor vitamin B12). Kebutuhan air: induk yang bunting muda 0,28 L/hari, kebutuhan terus meningkat menjadi 0,57 L/ hari pada saat bunting tua. Pada saat menyusui anak (±7 ekor) yang berumur 6 minggu kebutuhan air 2,3 L/ hari dan pada saat umur anak 8 minggu kebutuhan air meningkat menjadi 4,5 L/hari. Feed additive: Coccidiostat, Antibiotik, dan Antioksidan. Manajemen reproduksi pada kelinci tidak bisa diabaikan seperti pada ternak lain. Reproduksi yang baik akan menghasilkan kualitas kelinci yang juga baik, sehingga berpengaruh terhadap kemampuan produksinya. Selain itu, manajemen kesehatan juga sangat penting dan harus selalu dilakukan pengecekan setiap harinya. Hewan ternak rentan terkena penyakit dan cepat pula penyakit tersebut menyebar terlebih penyakit viral. Oleh karena itu, dalam tatalaksana produksi kelinci pengendalian penyakit dan perawatan kelinci diperlukan guna mendukung prinsip five freedoms bagi hewan ternak. Beternak kelinci tidak hanya penerapan pemeliharaan dan perawatan ternaknya namun juga mengarah kepada pemasaran (marketing). Pemasaran produk perlu memerhatikan selera konsumen, sebaran konsumen, dan juga perlu bekerja sama dengan peternak-peternak besar lainnya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pasar. Penentuan harga jual sebaiknya disesuaikan berdasarkan harga pasar dan kompetitor agar dapat bersaing. (CL)

article by Claudyne Li You must be familiar with a drink called yogurt. Yogurt itself has existed since a long-time ago and widely used for beauty products. Yogurt is a beverage product made from fermented dairy products containing millions of live micro-organisms, which can influence the composition of gut microbiota and therefore enhance gut health. The bacteria used to make yogurt are known as healthy bacteria (yogurt culture) namely, Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococus thermophyllus. The type of milk used in making yogurt is fresh milk from dairy farms. Yogurt products are very healthy and rich in nutrients that are important for the body. Then, what are the other health benefits of yogurt? Check out some of the explanations below. Source of protein. Yogurt is made from 100% fresh milk which is rich in protein. Maintaining healthy bones and teeth. Yogurt is rich in calcium. The mineral calcium helps your muscles, nerves, and cells work normally. Your body also needs calcium (as well as phosphorus) to make healthy bones. Blood pressure. Calcium is also important in blood clotting, blood circulation, and wound healing. Boost the digestive system. Bacteria as a milk fermentation starter (Lactobacillus bulgaricus) can accelerate intestinal movements and its lactic acid content can kill harmful bacteria so that it can make the intestinal tract clean and prevent diarrhea and bloating. Maintaining skin health. Yogurt has been used for a long time for beauty. This is because yogurt contains lactic acid which can eliminate dead skin cells in the body. Good for lactose intolerance. Lactose intolerance is a condition in which a person cannot consume food or drinks that contain lactose because it cannot completely digest lactose completely. Yogurt products are suitable for someone with lactose intolerance because the lactose content in yogurt is less when compared to milk. Enhance immunity. In addition to calcium content to strengthen bones and teeth, minerals and other nutrients in yogurt help increase T cell production, which is one of the white blood cells to fight disease. There are still many benefits of yogurt for the health of your body. Yogurt contains good lactic acid bacteria that are beneficial to health. Yogurt should be stored at cold temperatures with a maximum of 15°C so that the bacterial content can be maintained. Yogurt also has a variety of flavors that you can enjoy. Drinking yogurt every day can boost your immune system and prevent disease. Fulfill your daily nutritional needs by drinking yogurt! (CL) You can download the journal of yogurt benefit's further explanation here!

artikel oleh Claudyne Li Dari semua spesies hewan yang berkembang biak, hanya kelinci, sebagai perwakilan dari ordo hewan pengerat, yang memiliki kepentingan ekonomi dan digunakan sebagai hewan laboratorium dan hewan yang menyediakan daging, bulu, dan wol. Kelinci sering ditemukan di rumah sebagai hewan peliharaan. Kelinci termasuk ke dalam famili Leporidae dan meskipun mereka menunjukkan kesamaan eksternal dengan kelinci, mereka secara genetik cukup jauh dari kelinci. Ada perbedaan juga dalam perilaku, misalnya kelinci adalah hewan penggali lubang dan menghabiskan sebagian besar waktunya di dalamnya, namun terwelu (hare) tidak menunjukkan keahlian menggali lubang. Hare sendiri adalah Leporidae namun tubuhnya lebih besar dari kelinci, telinganya lebih panjang, dan lebih liar. Jenis kelinci dibedakan dari berbagai bentuk, ukuran, warna, dan kepribadian. American Rabbit Breeders Association (ARBA) secara resmi mengakui 50 jenis yang berbeda, mulai dari kelinci California yang lucu hingga Lop Inggris yang menggemaskan. Industri kelinci yang dikenal dengan rabbitry kebanyakan dipelihara secara komersial untuk diambil daging, kulit (fur), wool dan untuk kepentingan pekerjaan di laboratorium. Berikut ini merupakan jenis-jenis kelinci dikelompokkan berdasarkan tujuan pemeliharaannya. KELINCI PEDAGING New Zealand White Ciri-ciri: berwarna putih. Memiliki tubuh yang dalam dan lebar, dan perdagingan yang tertutup. Bobot dewasa jantan 4,1-5,0 kg, betina 3,6-5,4 kg. Berasal dari Amerika Serikat dan dipotong untuk produksi daging. Mata berwarna merah muda, coklat tua, atau coklat. Telinga tinggi di atas kepala, tegak, sedang-tebal, dan bulat di ujung. Tubuh bertipe commercial, panjang sedang, dan bulat. Kaki lurus, panjang sedang, dan berat sedang. Flemish Giant Ciri-ciri: berasal dari Eropa untuk produksi daging. Memiliki kualitas daging dan bulu yang bagus, kepala besar, luas, dan sebanding dengan tubuh. Matanya memiliki ekspresi rileks. Telinga memiliki pangkal yang berat dan tegak. Tubuh bertipe semi-arch, panjang dan kuat, dengan dada penuh dan lebar, kaki depan, dan kaki belakang. Bulunya tebal, padat, mengkilap, cerah. Californian Ciri-ciri: berasal dari Amerika Serikat, dibesarkan untuk produksi daging, memiliki kualitas bulu yang baik. Bobot dewasa jantan 3,6-4,5 kg, betina 3,9-4,8 kg. Warna bulu putih, dengan telinga, hidung, kaki, dan ekor (titik) sedekat mungkin. Kepala berbentuk sedang-penuh, tegak pada leher yang pendek, dan dekat dengan tubuh. Matanya tebal, cerah, dan merah muda. Telinga dalam posisi tegak lurus, terpasang di kepala dan kuat di daerah pangkal. Tubuh bertipe commercial, panjang medium, dan tegas. Kakinya pendek dan bertulang sedang. Ekor lurus dan terbawa tegak. KELINCI BULU/KULIT Satin Ciri-ciri: berasal dari Amerika Serikat. Bobot dewasa jantan 3,9-4,8 kg, betina 4,1-5,0 kg. Bulu Satin yang ideal harus halus dan sangat pekat saat disentuh karena lapisan bawah yang lembut dan sangat padat. Lapisan bawah diselingi dengan rambut-rambut yang berkilau dan sedikit kasar. Tubuh bertipe commercial, panjangnya sedang, dengan kedalaman yang mendekati lebarnya di seluruh panjangnya. Telinga terbawa tegak dan berbulu baik. Mata tebal dan cerah. Rex Ciri-ciri: berasal dari Prancis dan populer karena kualitas mantelnya yang khas. Bobot dewasa jantan 3,4-4,3 kg, betina 3,6-4,8 kg. Kepala lebar dan dekat dengan bahu. Mata tebal dan cerah. Telinga terbawa tegak dan cukup tebal. Tubuh bertipe commercial, dan panjang sedang dengan pinggul bulat dan pinggang, tulang rusuk, dan bahu terisi dengan baik. Kaki agak pendek, lurus, dan sedang bertulang. Bulunya sangat padat, tegak, lurus, sangat halus saat disentuh, dan panjangnya antara 1/2 dan 7/8 inci. Florida White Ciri-ciri: memiliki kualitas bulu dan daging yang baik. Bobot dewasa jantan dan betina 1,8-2,7 kg. Warna bulunya putih murni. Kepalanya bulat dan penuh dengan leher yang pendek. Telinga terbawa tegak, kekar, dan berbulu lebat. Matanya merah muda. Badannya memiliki profil tipe yang compact, agak pendek dan tertutup. Bulunya bertipe flyback (mantel bulu yang kembali ke posisi normal dan mulus ketika dibelai dari bagian belakang ke bahu). KELINCI HIAS Mini Lop Ciri-ciri: berasal dari Jerman sebagai sub-breed Lop Inggris. Terkenal karena kualitas daging dan bulunya yang baik, dan juga untuk pameran/hias. Bobot dewasa jantan dan betina 2,0-2,9 kg. Kepalanya kokoh, kuat, dan dekat dengan bahu. Telinga berada di atas kepala dan menggantung secara vertikal. Tubuh bertipe compact, besar, berotot, dan seimbang dengan tubuh tebal yang lebih luas melalui bagian belakangnya. Kakinya lurus, pendek, dan tebal. Bulunya bertipe rollback, seragam, panjang sedang, sangat tebal, padat, dan mengkilap. Mini Rex Ciri-ciri: memiliki tipe compact dengan bulu yang sangat lebat. Bobot dewasa jantan 1,4-2,0 kg, betina 1,6-2,0 kg. Kepala penuh dan dekat dengan bahu. Telinga relatif pendek, tebal, terbawa tegak, saling berdekatan, dan pas di kepala. Mata tebal dan cerah. Tubuh agak pendek, halus, dan berkembang dengan baik. Kaki-kakinya agak pendek, lurus, dan bertulang sedang hingga halus. Bulunya lurus dan tegak dengan panjang ideal 5/8 inci. Netherland Dwarf Ciri-ciri: berasal dari Belanda, populer untuk pameran dan hewan peliharaan. Merupakan yang terkecil dari semua jenis kelinci. Bobot dewasa jantan dan betina 1,1 kg. Kepala bulat, besar, dan tinggi dan dekat dengan bahu. Mata tebal, cerah, dan bundar. Telinganya pendek, lancip, dan terbawa tegak dengan alas yang kuat. Tubuh memiliki tipe compact. Ekor lurus dan sangat berbulu. Bulunya bertipe rollback, padat, lembut, mengkilap. English Spot Ciri-ciri: berasal dari Inggris dan sangat jinak. Menghasilkan karkas yang baik. Bobot dewasa jantan dan betina 2,3-3,6 kg. Memiliki marking butterfly cheek spot, lingkaran di sekitar mata, dan tanda tulang belakang yang membentang dari telinga ke ekor. Pola tubuh samping terdiri dari bintik-bintik kecil yang dimulai pada tengkuk dan bertambah dalam jumlah dan ukuran yang berakhir di pinggul. Kepala proporsional dengan tubuh. Telinga tegak. Tubuh memiliki profil tipe full-arch. Bulunya bertipe flyback, halus, pendek, dan padat. Masih banyak jenis kelinci lainnya. Namun, di Indonesia hanya beberapa jenis saja yang dikembangkan karena perlunya penyesuaian habitat dengan iklim tropis yang akan memengaruhi produktivitasnya. Pemeliharaan kelinci perlu memerhatikan beberapa aspek manajemen seperti pakan, kesehatan, reproduksi, dan perkandangannya. Jangan heran kalau memelihara kelinci bisa dibilang ribet bagi orang yang tidak berpengalaman, jadi harus dipelajari cara-caranya sebelum kamu membeli kelinci! (CL) Nantikan info-info menarik lainnya di part 2! Referensi gambar The Ohio State University Extension. 2010. Rabbit Resource Handbook for breeding, market and pet rabbit projects. Ohio State University Extension. USA.

artikel oleh Claudyne Li Hai! Perkenalkan saya Claudyne Li, mahasiswi Fakultas Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran angkatan 2017. Di sini saya ingin membagikan beberapa informasi-informasi seputar dunia peternakan di fakultas saya. Simak yuk artikelnya, semoga bermanfaat ya! BELAJAR APA SAJA DI JURUSAN PETERNAKAN? Pasti kalian berpikir kalau jurusan Peternakan cuma belajar tentang ternak-ternak sapi, ayam, atau bebek? bahkan yang pertama terlintas malah meme 'peternakan lele'. Atau sering berpikir kalau lulusannya cuma jadi peternak rakyat doang yang kesehariannya hanya membersihkan feses atau kotoran ternak? Eits jangan salah lho, sektor Peternakan memberikan kontribusi besar dalam perekonomian negara. Kalau ngga ada peternakan, kita juga ngga akan bisa makan daging, susu, atau telur. Jurusan Peternakan ngga hanya ngurusin ternak saja tapi juga mempelajari bidang Ekonomi, Kimia, Biokimia, Fisika, dan Matematika dasar. Bukan cuma dunia per-Biologian saja, kalian juga akan dihadapkan dengan Ilmu Statistika umum di semester awal. Di semester pertengahan (semester 3 dan 4) sudah mulai nih ada mata kuliah yang berbau peternakan misalnya Fisiologi Ternak, Nutrisi Ternak, Pakan dan Tanaman Makanan Ternak. Nah di sini dijamin kalian mulai pusing sama yang namanya laprak-melaprak apalagi kalau lapraknya harus ditulis tangan (ih ngga banget!!). Tapi dengan luasnya cabang ilmu yang dipelajari ini kalian bisa dapet banyak pengetahuan juga lho dan bahkan mungkin kalian juga berpikir kalau jurusan ini juga ternyata ngga kalah sama jurusan Kedokteran Hewan. Di jurusan Peternakan juga diajarkan tentang kesehatan yang mencakup pengobatan dan penyakit hewan. Jadi jangan merasa minder kalau jurusan Peternakan dianggap ngga sekeren jurusan lain. MATA KULIAH FAVORIT Jujur sih saya sempet menyerah juga pas semester 3 karena ada mata kuliah yang praktikumnya sore banget terus lapraknya harus ditulis tangan. Jeng jeng, mata kuliah yang dimaksud adalah Reproduksi Ternak. Sebenarnya praktikum ini seru, tapi kalau sudah sore pasti kan pikiran dan tubuh ini refleks ingin cepat-cepat ke kosan dan istirahat. Walau memang capek karena praktikum, menurut saya belajar tentang praktikum Reproduksi ini asik soalnya berhubungan dengan laboratorium dan bermacam-macam alat modernnya. Ditambah lagi asisten labnya juga seru-seru. Dari sekian banyak praktikum, mata kuliah Reproduksi ini yang paling menarik perhatian saya karena labnya bersih dan bisa dibilang 'benar-benar' melakukan praktikum. TUGAS-TUGAS YANG DIDAPAT Kalau bicarain tugas, mungkin dari masih TK pun kalian sudah sering kan ketemu sama yang namanya tugas. Jadi di jurusan Peternakan juga ngga lepas sama tugas-menugas, ditambah lagi praktikum everytime everyday. Di jurusan ini, laporan praktikum atau laprak menjadi tugas yang bakal setiap hari kamu hadapin. Laporan praktikum bisa berupa laporan individu atau kelompok. Sebenarnya kalau laporannya individu, masih bisa dinikmati pengerjaannya karena bisa menentukan sendiri deadline ngerjain laporannya atau ngga perlu ribet untuk menghubungi teman lain. Hal yang sudah sering bikin kesal yaitu kalau temen sekelompok laprak ini susah banget dihubungi atau ngerjainnya asal-asalan. Nah persoalan ini memang sangat menguji kesabaran dan iman. Jadi, harap dimaklumi dan dibawa enjoy aja ya kalau ketemu sama temen-temen kaya gini. KONSENTRASI YANG DISEDIAKAN JURUSAN Konsentrasi di jurusan Peternakan Universitas Padjadjaran ini dibagi ke dalam empat departemen. Di angkatan saya (angkatan 2017), pembagian departemen baru dirasakan ketika memasuki semester 6. Departemen-departemen tersebut, yaitu: Produksi Ternak, Nutrisi Ternak, Teknologi Hasil Ternak, dan Sosial-Ekonomi. Di dalam departemen ini, nantinya akan dilakukan penjurusan lagi ke dalam beberapa laboratorium penelitian. Misalnya, di departemen Produksi Ternak ada lab. Ternak Potong, lab. Ternak Perah, lab. Pemuliaan, lab. Reproduksi, dan lab. Ternak Unggas. Begitu pula dengan ketiga departemen lainnya yang memiliki penjurusan beberapa laboratorium penelitian. TIPS UNTUK MAHASISWA BARU ATAU MAHASISWA YANG SEDANG ON-GOING Jurusan Peternakan ini selalu berkaitan dengan makhluk hidup (hewan ternak). Disarankan kalian harus punya rasa ingin tahu terhadap ternak-ternak yang dipelajari dan berbagai isu-isu atau permasalahan di dunia ternak ini. Kalian juga bisa menambah pengalaman misalnya magang atau membuka usaha yang terkait peternakan, contohnya menjual susu murni, melakukan pemasaran produk hasil ternak. Selain kalian menerapkan ilmu yang kalian miliki, kalian juga sudah melewati pengalaman berbisnis sejak dini. Dengan mencoba hal-hal baru, nantinya pengalaman ini menjadi berguna saat kalian benar-benar melakukan pekerjaan sesungguhnya di masa depan. Sebagai mahasiswa, ngga lengkap rasanya kalau cuma jadi kupu-kupu alias kuliah-pulang saja. Cobalah untuk ikut berorganisasi (walau hanya beberapa organisasi) di dalam kampus maupun di luar kampus. Organisasi itu bukan hanya BEM fakultas/kampus saja lho, tapi juga bisa organisasi lingkungan, pengabdian masyarakat, organisasi yang mengasah bakat mahasiswa, atau organisasi lainnya. Perbanyak juga mengikuti seminar yang diadakan baik seminar offline maupun online. Selain hanya untuk mendapatkan sertifikat, jangan lupa ambil juga ilmu-ilmu dan relasi yang diberikan di seminar tersebut. Tips terakhir dan yang paling penting adalah jangan pernah malu dengan jurusan Peternakan. Memang awalnya saya juga merasakan itu, tapi semakin saya sadar bahwa peternakan ini benar-benar penting dan peluangnya bagus, rasa malu itu bisa saya hilangkan sedikit demi sedikit dengan membuktikan bahwa jurusan ini tidak kalah dengan jurusan lain. Jangan pernah menyerah dan bosan untuk mencetak prestasi kalian! PROSPEK KERJA Sejauh ini sudah banyak alumni-alumni dari Fakultas Peternakan baik di UNPAD maupun universitas lain. Prospek kerjanya pun bervariasi. Alumni jurusan Peternakan bisa bekerja di perusahaan ternak seperti perusahaan ternak (seperti PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk., PT. Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Tbk.), perusahaan obat-obatan ternak, dosen, ataupun menciptakan usaha sendiri dengan membangun peternakan. Urusan modal untuk buka usaha? Ngga perlu khawatir karena saat ini sudah banyak kok pihak-pihak yang memberi bantuan modal untuk membuka usaha. Asalkan kalian juga merencanakan bagaimana konsep, teknis, atau segala unsur usaha kalian dengan matang. Oiya, di semester 6 kalian akan mendapatkan mata kuliah Studi Kelayakan yang mengajarkan tentang cara-cara membuat perencanaan usaha yang bisa kalian pakai ilmunya jika ingin terjun ke dunia bisnis peternakan. Di jurusan ini, kalian juga bisa melanjutkan studi S2 atau S3. UNPAD, IPB dan UGM menawarkan perkuliahan program S2 dan S3. UNPAD pun sudah membuka program profesi bagi lulusan S1. Lulusan jurusan Peternakan memang dianjurkan untuk konsisten dengan penerapan ilmu dan pekerjaannya, namun banyak juga yang berbelok ke pekerjaan lain misalnya banyak juga yang bekerja di perbankan. Hal ini tidak salah, karena urusan pekerjaan atau rezeki masing-masing sudah diatur, jadi apapun ilmu dan profesi kita pasti akan berguna bila dimanfaatkan dengan baik. HARAPAN DAN RENCANA SETELAH SAYA LULUS? Setelah lulus, saya berencana untuk bekerja di suatu perusahaan swasta yang bergelut di bidang peternakan. Awalnya memang saya ingin sekali membuka usaha peternakan. Namun, saat Januari 2020 lalu saya mengikuti Praktik Kerja Lapangan (PKL) dan bekerja intern di suatu perusahaan swasta, di sana saya menjadi tertarik dengan segala hal terkait perusahaan tersebut dan ingin menambah pengalaman-pengalaman kerja sebelum melanjutkan studi saya ke jenjang S2. (CL)

article by Claudyne Li in the Sangiran Essay Contest for Education 2020 History is a word that is defined as events that have occurred in the past. History deals with past events including the discovery, collection, and presentation of information about an event. The event that occurred before the writing is called Prehistory which is usually associated with the emergence of ancient humans and their culture. History is highly correlated with culture because the culture is a 'proof' of history itself. The diversity of cultures in Indonesia has become a legacy from the legacy of ancient ancestors. Unfortunately, the impact of globalization has caused the publication of cultural heritage as a historical rarity. This also shifts the public's view of the importance of preserving cultural heritage and its history, one of which is the ancient Sangiran museum in Surakarta. Located approximately fifteen kilometers north of the city of Surakarta (Solo), the Sangiran site has been established and is known even by other countries. The presence of The Homeland of Java Man presents a picture of human life in the past with various ancient human fossil discoveries as a strong potential or attraction of this museum. The discovery of fossils of animals, ancient humans, various stone tools and documentation of the soil layer (stratigraphy) starting from two million years ago have contributed data for understanding human evolution and the natural environment. Sangiran provides knowledge about prehistoric human life and is a blend of education in the fields of science, culture, history, and tourist destinations. In 1977, the Indonesian government established Sangiran as cultural preservation. Finally, in December 1996 Sangiran was declared a world heritage by UNESCO. History of the Sangiran Museum Sangiran Museum has become an important site to support the development of various fields of science, especially for research in archeology, biology, paleoanthropology, anthropology, and geology. In 1893, Eugene Dubois, a Dutch anatomist, explored at the Sangiran site, an investigation of ancient human fossils. The research he did was motivated by the theory of his teacher, Ernst Haeckel, who assumed that early humans could be sought in the tropics because they did not experience much climate change so that many great apes still lived. Furthermore, a British biologist, Alfred Russel Wallace, stated that traces of the first great apes (anthropoids) were most likely found in Indonesia's tropical forests. Then, in 1934, an anthropologist, Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald began to trace Sangiran and found Pithecanthropus erectus. He also found 60 human fossils including Meganthropus. In addition, fossils of some ancient animals were also found by von Koenigswald. Sangiran Museum Building and The Collections Simple museums and laboratories existed several decades before the museum which is now open to the public began in December 2011. After decades of research, the Sangiran museum collected 13,809 fossils but only 2,934 were displayed. The museum building consists of a hall, exhibition hall, laboratory, audio-visual room, library, storage warehouse, and souvenir stall. The main museum is called Krikilan. The more magnificent museum building (now) with modern architecture consists of three main halls. The first hall shows the findings and research in Sangiran in ancient times. In the second hall, there is an audiovisual that shows the natural process of occurrence. The third hall contains a replica statue of Homo Erectus's life and various ancient animals. The existence of dioramas in the museum's third hall depicts the shade of Sangiran about one million years ago. Improvement and addition of buildings and supporting facilities carried out with the aim to preserve its existence as a world heritage that plays an important role in the development of science. There are four additional places that have been built besides Krikilan, namely the Ngebung, Dayu, Bukuran, and Manyarejo clusters. Ngebung was built to illustrate the history of the Sangiran site's discovery. Dayu was made to present information related to the latest research. Bukuran was built to present information related to the discovery of human fossils in Sangiran, while Manyarejo presents memories of research conducted in this area, legends that have become myths about Sangiran and its findings, as well as various collections of memorabilia owned by researchers and surrounding communities. Some collections stored in the Sangiran museum have long been shown, including both original and replica human fossils (such as Australopithecus africanus, Pithecanthropus mojokertensis, Homo soloensis, Homo neanderthal, and Homo sapiens), fossils of vertebrate animals, marine and freshwater fossils. The discovery of early Homo erectus type in Sangiran is quite a lot and is half of the discovery of Homo erectus in the world. Some types of stones are also found such as chalcedony, agates, meteorites, diatoms, and stone artifacts (equipment used by ancient humans). Sangiran Site Development Efforts Efforts to increase the implementation of tourism promotion, through the formation of an image, that Sangiran as one of the cultural attractions that are unique (distinctive), attractive and informative, so that it has a high selling value (selling point) or worth visiting, therefore, various efforts to increase cooperation with stakeholders, including with travel agents, are a necessity that must be realized immediately. Tourism development efforts, the involvement of local communities as the host plays a very important role in tourism development so that they are trained and able to create sustainable tourism businesses. Furthermore, community involvement in planning is an excellent policy that will motivate local communities to protect their environment which will be used as a supporter of tourism. In such a context, the community must be positioned as a subject as tourism development actors, not objects. To prevent theft of cultural heritage in the form of Sangiran site fossils carried out by local residents, the law must be upheld in accordance with existing provisions. In this case, legal sanctions need to be applied to perpetrators of theft, because it violates the Law of The Republic of Indonesia No. 11 of 2010 concerning Cultural Heritage. Sangiran as a Cultural Heritage Supports Education Sangiran is considered important in realizing the enhancement of the potential and quality of tourism products, with an emphasis on educative and informative values, as well as entertaining recreation. Sangiran cultural tourism attraction has commercial values ​​that are able to attract tourists to arrive. The change in cultural values ​​is clearly felt by Sangiran residents with the emergence of dozens of home industries in the form of rock and fossil handicrafts that are able to increase the income of the population. Conversely, there are also dysfunctional consequences felt by the government as the person responsible for the preservation of the Sangiran site where increasing illegal fossil exploitation is being carried out by Sangiran residents. This has become a macro problem in the loss of cultural and historical values ​​from Sangiran. Government efforts to protect Sangiran's cultural heritage from irresponsible search and excavation by local communities have been carried out by establishing the Sangiran Site as a cultural heritage area. But in addition, it needs close cooperation between the government and the local community to jointly realize the preservation of Sangiran culture. The existence of Sangiran sites in the world of education is very much needed, including in learning history both from the low to high levels of education. Sangiran Museum can provide more education for students by observing objects from the past directly. The learning process can also be carried out by visitors who are not from education circles. The role of the Sangiran museum can add mental and intellectual wealth to find out the past of an ethnic ancient human. The facts found these days are the lack of people to visit the Sangiran museum caused by many factors. With the increase in various supporting facilities and infrastructure, the Sangiran museum can be an attraction and of course provide adequate learning facilities for visitors. (CL) References Asmara, Dedi. 2019. Peran Museum Dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah. Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Riset Sosial Humaniora, 2(1):10-20. Mulyantari, Enny. 2016. Strategi Pengembangan Situs Manusia Purba Sangiran sebagai Daya Tarik Wisata Budaya. Jurnal Media Wisata, 14(1):334-344. Sulistyanto, Bambang. 2009. Warisan dunia Situs Sangiran Persepsi menurut penduduk Sangiran. Wacana, 11(1): 57-80.

article by Claudyne Li in Essay Writing Competition UNM 2020 A number of pneumonia cases with symptoms of fever, body weakness, coughing, and shortness of breath that began happening in Wuhan, China in a short time have changed the paradigm of the plague into a global disaster. Various parties give top priority to this new disease and immediately enact disease control measures and medical treatment. The disease pathogen was identified as a new virus, which was later confirmed by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO named the virus 2019-nCoV while the International Committee on Taxonomy Viruses (ICTV) named SARS-Cov-2. Pneumonia caused by a viral infection is then called new coronavirus pneumonia (COVID-19) by WHO. The corona virus infects indiscriminately all people who cause common but deadly flu. These viruses are mostly transmitted by droplets, and can also be spread by fecal-oral transmission routes. Prevention of the spread of the corona virus that can be applied is to wash hands using soap and running water, keep a distance between people, and wear a mask. The development of modern and dynamic society requires humans to always move fast, instant, and use time as efficiently as possible. Prevention of corona virus which requires people to maintain the cleanliness of the body, especially hands using soap and water is considered troublesome because it cannot be carried around. The use of hand sanitizers in the form of gel, liquid, or foam is one of the virus prevention solutions that save energy and time. Antiseptic hand sanitizing gel preparations are the product of choice today because it is convenient and easy as we can carry anywhere. This is your next best option if water and soap aren’t available. The use of a hand sanitizer is very easy enough to just drip gel on the palm of the hand and then flatten the surface of the palm. However, the soaring case of COVID-19 has caused many hoarders of essential goods, especially goods to prevent transmission of viruses such as masks and sanitizers. The difficulty of obtaining ethanol and triclosan as active ingredients sanitizer provides opportunities for the use of active ingredients in plants to be made as a natural alternative. Piper betle Linn or betel is one of the plants that are known to be efficacious as an antiseptic (Sari and Isadiartuti, 2006). Traditional use is usually by boiling betel leaves then boiled water is used to gargle or clean other body parts, or crushed betel leaves and then placed on the wound (Mardisiswojo, 1985). It is known that the betel leaf content is essential oil consisting of hydroxy chavicol, cavibetol, estargiol, eugenol, metileugenol, carvacrol, terpenes, sesquiterpenes, phenylpropane and tannins (Sari and Isadiartuti, 2006). In addition to betel leaves, the utilization of sweet orange peel waste (Citrus sinensis) is also known to be able to inhibit the activity of microorganisms and pathogens. Sweet orange peel extract has the antioxidant activity of 70.2% using DPPH method and contains several compounds such as C-glycosylated flavones, O-glycosylated flavones, polymethoxylated flavones, O-glycosylated flavanones. Antimicrobial components of sweet orange peel are essential oils composed of decanal, octanal, and linalool components (Dewi, 2019). Orange peels also contain essential oil which consists of various components such as tepen, sesquiten, aldehyde, esters, and sterols (Friatna et al., 2011). Essential oils can inhibit the growth and kill bacteria by disrupting the process of formation of membranes and cell walls that are not fully formed (Mehmood et al., 2015 in Dewi, 2019). Based on the potential of the two ingredients, betel leaves and sweet orange peel waste, the utilization has the opportunity to be used as a simple hand sanitizer that can be made by yourself to support the prevention of corona virus outbreaks. Read on to find out how. First of all, the orange peel waste is blended with a blender using a little water. Betel leaf washed with running water until clean and dried. After that, the betel leaf is cut into six parts. Prepare water in a small saucepan to boil as much as 100 mL. Put the betel leaf (50 grams) into the boiled hot water, then the hot water boiled a small saucepan transferred into a larger saucepan to be heated by steaming it in low heat (Sari and Isadiartuti, 2006). After 15 minutes, remove and let stand for a while to cool down. After chilling, the betel leaf marinade is filtered and taken as much as 50 mL to be mixed with 40 mL orange peel wastewater (ratio 5: 4). Betel leaf extract and orange peel wastewater can be used as a sanitizer. Based on Sari and Isadiartuti's research (2006), the antiseptic formula of betel leaf extract starting at 5% to 25% in the orientation of the inhibitory extract towards the growth of microorganisms, starting at 10% levels has shown antiseptic activity. Betel leaf extract sanitizer can reduce the amount of normal skin flora. With increasing levels of betel leaf extract, the number of colonies has decreased and at 25% levels showed no growth of microorganisms on the media. The use of sweet orange peel waste as a sanitizer is not only an additional ingredient but also gives a fresh aroma. Giving sweet orange peel waste can also reduce the loss of the active content of chavicol betel leaf, which is a component in essential oils that are easily oxidized. Betel leaf Piper betle Linn and sweet orange peel waste (Citrus sinensis) are antioxidant and antimicrobial ingredients because they contain essential oil components. Both can be used as sanitizers because they are antiseptic. Making betel leaves and sweet orange peel waste as a simple homemade sanitizer can be done at home and become a solution to prevent transmission of the virus without having to find it difficult to buy sanitizer made from alcohol. (CL) References Dewi, A.D.R. 2019. Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Jeruk Manis dan Aplikasinya sebagai Pengawet Pangan. J. Teknol. dan Industri Pangan 30(1): 83-90. Friatna, E.R., Rizqi, A., dan Hidayah, T. 2011. Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Kulit Jeruk Manis (Citrus Sinensis) Sebagai Alternatif Bahan Pembuatan Masker Wajah. Jurnal Penelitian Mahasiswa UNY 6(2): 1-10. Mardisiswojo, S. dan Harsono R. 1985. Cabe Puyang Warisan Nenek Moyang. Balai Pustaka. Jakarta. Sari, R. dan Isadiartuti, D. 2006. Studi efektivitas sediaan gel antiseptik tangan ekstrak daun sirih (Piper betle Linn.). Majalah Farmasi Indonesia 17(4): 163-169.

artikel oleh Claudyne Li untuk iCan Private Kegiatan belajar dapat dikatakan efektif apabila kegiatan tersebut dapat mencapai tujuan yang telah ditentukan. Secara mudah dan praktis siswa-siswi dapat belajar di manapun dan kapanpun. Panduan dalam belajar merupakan suatu tahap pemberian dukungan kepada seseorang dengan tujuan memperoleh ilmu pengetahuan serta kemampuan pribadi yang diperlukan untuk beradaptasi secara maksimal di manapun ia berada (Susanto, 2018). Fenomena bimbingan belajar (bimbel) adalah suatu hal yang cukup menarik untuk diperbincangkan dengan menyajikan banyak hal positif dan negatif yang dapat dipelajari dari hadirnya lembaga tersebut. Lembaga ini memberikan layanan yang mencakup tips pembelajaran yang memudahkan pemahaman siswa termasuk tips untuk mengerjakan soal dalam waktu cepat maupun upaya untuk mendapatkan layanan pendidikan yang lebih humanis. Perbedaan bimbel dengan les private terletak pada jumlah siswa yang dibimbingnya. Les private adalah pembelajaran di luar sekolah, yang dilakukan oleh pemberi jasa di luar jam kegiatan belajar mengajar, dengan jumlah siswa dibatasi maksimal 4 orang, dan dibatasi oleh waktu tertentu. Suatu penelitian menemukan bahwa prestasi belajar dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya 30% faktor eksternal dan 70% faktor internal (Herlina, 2012). Faktor eksternal adalah faktor yang berasal dari luar sedangkan faktor internal adalah faktor yang berasal dari dalam diri seseorang. Selama proses belajar mengajar siswa/i akan mengalami masalah-masalah atau kesulitan. Kesulitan yang dihadapi siswa/i dalam belajar tentu akan menghambat serta mempengaruhi prestasi. Dalam hal ini, beberapa dari mereka memanfaatkan waktunya untuk mengikuti bimbingan belajar atau les private. Tujuannya siswa/i diharapkan dapat mencari cara belajar yang efektif dan efisien sesuai dengan kemampuan dirinya dan diharapkan untuk lebih mandiri ketika mempersiapkan diri dalam menghadapi ujian. Hasil penelitian Latifah (2017) menunjukkan bahwa prestasi belajar siswa yang mengikuti bimbingan belajar dikategorikan "Sedang" dengan rata-rata sebesar 83,82 dan prestasi belajar siswa yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar dikategorikan "Rendah" dengan rata-rata sebesar 79,71. Maka, terdapat perbedaan prestasi belajar antara siswa yang mengikuti bimbingan belajar dengan siswa yang tidak mengikuti bimbingan belajar. Sedangkan pada penelitian Angilberti (2018) tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada hasil rata-rata prestasi belajar siswa yang mengikuti bimbingan belajar dan les private. iCan Private adalah sebuah tempat les private untuk anak sekolah yang membutuhkan bimbingan belajar agar anak dapat memahami dan menguasai pelajarannya. iCan Private menawarkan pengajar dari mahasiswa-mahasiswa berprestasi melalui seleksi yang baik yang memiliki kelebihan tersendiri seperti, IPK tinggi, kepribadian menarik, ramah dan terampil berkomunikasi, serta senang mengajar. Beberapa manfaat yang ditawarkan di iCan Private mencakup: Pengajar iCan mengerti posisi para pelajar sehingga memudahkan interaksi, lebih terfokus, dan menciptakan proses belajar-mengajar yang efektif. Hal ini karena pengajar yang merupakan mahasiswa berpengalaman yang juga sedang menempuh pendidikan jenjang sarjana atau diploma. Perbedaan usia yang tidak terpaut jauh menciptakan suasana nyaman bagi pengajar dan siswa yang dibimbing sehingga penyampaian materi dapat dilakukan dengan santai dan tidak terlalu formal. Mahasiswa memberikan berbagai cara yang unik dan simple dalam memecahkan masalah atau soal sehingga lebih mudah dimengerti. Di sini pengajar juga akan menyesuaikan preferensi belajar muridnya. Pengajar merupakan mahasiswa dari berbagai fokus jurusan dapat memberikan pengajaran yang juga mendalam terhadap bidang tertentu. Misalnya mahasiswa jurusan Kimia dapat mengajar untuk pelajaran Kimia atau Olimpiade Kimia. Bimbingan belajar secara private di iCan ini menyesuaikan jadwal belajar dengan waktu siswa/i yang kosong. Les private di iCan memudahkan orang tua mengontrol atau memantau anak-anaknya dalam aktivitas belajar karena orang tua dapat langsung berkonsultasi dengan guru berkenaan dengan perkembangan dan kemampuan akademik anak. Poin terakhir dan yang terpenting adalah tarif iCan yang murah. Penetapan tarif yang murah ini merupakan keunggulan utama dengan memilih pengajar dari mahasiswa. Nah, sudah tahu kan apa itu iCan Private dan apa saja manfaat yang didapat dengan mengikuti les private? Dengan adanya les private di iCan Private, diharapkan siswa/i dapat lebih memahami materi sekolah dan lebih efektif dalam melaksanakan kegiatan belajar di rumah. Jadi, masih ragu dengan iCan Private? Coba buktikan sendiri dengan daftar sekarang juga di iCan Private. Together we can say, yes I can! Daftar/register sekarang! e-mail : icanlesprivate@gmail.com Whatsapp: +62 85659645160 (Alvin Tjahjadi) Referensi Angilberti. 2018. PERBEDAAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA YANG MENGIKUTI LES DI LEMBAGA BIMBEL DENGAN SISWA YANG MENGIKUTI LES PADA GURU PRIVATE SISWA KELAS V SD GUGUS 2 CAKRANEGARA KOTA MATARAM TAHUN PELAJARAN 2017/2018. Jurnal Skripsi. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan. Universitas Mataram. Mataram. Latifah, I. D.. 2017. Studi Komparasi Prestasi Belajar Antara Siswa yang Mengikuti Bimbingan Belajar Di Lembaga Bimbingan Belajar (LBB) dengan Siswa yang Tidak Mengikuti Bimbingan Belajar Kelas IX Di SMPN 1 Nganjuk. Skripsi. Institut Agama Islam Negeri. Kediri. Herlina. 2012. Belajar yang Efektif. Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Bandung. Susanto, A. 2018. Bimbingan dan Konseling di Sekolah Konsep, Teori, dan Aplikasinya. Prenada Media Group. Jakarta.

article by Claudyne Li Heat stress Heat stress is a condition in livestock that causes an increase in temperature or other stressors originating from outside or from inside the body so that biological conditions such as these cause poultry in hot conditions to have difficulty discharging their body heat into the environment. High ambient temperature is the main cause of stress in broiler chickens, in addition to other factors such as humidity, radiation, and air velocity. According to Charles (2002) in Kusnadi and Rahim (2009), the comfortable temperature for growing broiler chickens is 18-22°C, while the daily daytime temperatures in the tropics (lowlands in Indonesia) can reach more than 34°C. Therefore, the development of broiler chickens that are more concentrated in the lowlands is very likely to experience heat stress. Effect of Heat Stress on the Hormonal System The decline in production at hot ambient temperatures is partly due to low levels of thyroid hormone, which will reduce general metabolism and protein synthesis, while corticosterone actually increases. The activity of the thyroid gland is closely related to the temperature of the surrounding air. The higher the ambient temperature, the lower the activity of the thyroid gland. This is due to the high temperature of the environment suppressing the expenditure of the hormone thyroxine. In addition to growth is greatly influenced by the consumption of rations and environmental temperature, it is also greatly influenced by the hormonal system, and one of them is the triiodothyronine hormone (T3). Research by Sugito et al. (2007) in Kusnadi and Rahim (2009) proves that the content of the triiodothyronine hormone (T3) in broiler chickens plasma on the 5th day of heat stress treatment has decreased from 1.53 to 1.04 pg/ml. In addition, heat stress turned out to reduce the utilization of the T3 hormone. This is evident from the increased T3 content in the stool, from 2.56 pg/ml in control chickens to 3.11 pg/ml in heat-stressed chickens. This situation is likely to accelerate the decline in production because the T3 hormone plays an important role in growth through increased oxygen consumption and the metabolic system. Stress conditions will reduce or inhibit the production of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) from the anterior hypophysis so that the production of T3/T4 by the thyroid gland is low. The decrease in production followed by low plasma T3 hormone content in broiler chickens is also evidenced by Ichsan (1990) in Kusnadi and Rahim (2009). The decrease in production under these heat stress conditions, in addition to the low plasma T3 hormone content, is also strengthened by the reduction in nitrogen retention, so that it can reduce the digestibility of proteins and some amino acids but increase plasma corticosterone levels. The high temperature of the surrounding environment is a factor as a cause of heat stress (Yunianto et al., 1997) so that it causes serious problems for the development and growth of chickens, feed consumption, and accelerated growth due to metabolic disorders in the body. Research by Harlova et al. (2002) showed that heat stress in broiler chickens (daytime temperatures 35-40°C and nighttime 28-30°C), markedly reduced the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin concentrations, and blood hematocrit values of broiler chickens aged 1 week. The presence of heat stress also secretes increased glucocorticoid hormones and responds to glucose formation from non-carbohydrate sources. Glucocorticoids hydrolyze tissue proteins and convert them to amino acids that will be carried to the liver. In the liver, these amino acids are further converted into glucose which is then flowed into the blood so that it affects blood sugar levels. The release of glucocorticoids continuously will cause atrophy in lymphoid organs such as the fabricated bursa, thymus, and spleen, while the liver is the center of the detoxification organ and will secrete compounds to neutralize, so it will experience hypertrophy. (CL) References Harlova, H., J. Blaha, M. Koubkova, J. Draslarova and A. Fucikova. 2002. Influence of heat stress on the metabolic response in broiler chickens. Scientia Agriculturae Bohemica 33: 145 – 149. Kusnadi, E. and F. Rahim, 2009. Performa dan Kandungan Hormon Triiodotironin Plasma Ayam Broiler Akibat Pengaruh Cekaman Panas di Daerah Tropis. Media Peternakan, 32: 155-161. Yunianto, V. D., N. Tigichi, A. Ohtsuka, & K. Hayashi. 1997. Effect of environmental temparature on heat production and muscle protein turnover in layer chickens. J Poult Sci 36: 219 – 228.