Zero Hunger In Pancasila Perspective

Original Title "SDGs Zero Hunger: Fight Against World Undernutrition"

This article was supported in part to fulfill the task of subject TPB academic year 2017/2018 covering the subject of Pancasila dan Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan and English. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Claudyne Mayranie, Department of Animal Husbandry, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor.

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World Hunger: Undernutrition Millions of people worldwide die each year from health problems related to undernutrition. About 2 billion out of the 6.2 billion people in the world may experienced episoded of food shortages and be affected by some form of micronutrient malnutrition. Undernutrition or better known as malnutrition is a severe nutritional state of gravity caused by the low consumption of energy and protein from food and occurs over a long-time period. Clinical signs of malnutrition can be broadly distinguished marasmus, kwashiorkor or marasmic-kwashiorkor. The problem of malnutrition is still a serious problem in Indonesia, currently millions people under-five are recorded to have poor nutritional status, mapping results from the Ministry shows that two of four children in 72% of districts across Indonesia suffer from malnutrition.1 Undernutrition can actually be experienced by anyone without knowing the social structure and economic factors. Chronic undernutrition leaves many people in the developing world in a continual state of depressed immune function, in turn greatly increasing the risk of death especially in childhood.

The Role of Pancasila and Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan in Reducing Malnutrition Democracy by many parties, including the nutrition believe that Pancasila democracy is a system of community life that can guarantee citizens to achieve a prosperous life. Linked to the field of nutrition, democracy is a system of community life that can ensure clients to achieve optimal health related to food. Ethical codes of nutritionists are obliged to improve the state of nutrition, health, intelligence, and welfare of the people, both within the scope of nutritional service institutions or in general public.

Minister of Health has released the regulation about Improved Nutrition No. 23 of 2014 article 2 to support the decreasing of malnutrition problem. It is said that efforts to improve nutritional status are aimed to guarantee: 1. Everyone has access to nutritional information and nutrition education. 2. Everyone mainly proneness nutrition has access to nutritious food

3. Everyone has access to nutrition and health services. The undertakings made by governments from the regulation released by the Minister of Health comprised promotive and preventive efforts, nutrition counseling, posyandu revitalization, and nutritional suplementation. The manifest of the Minister of Health Regulation listed in article 2 can be proved by: 1. Actualize family by advocacy and socialization of balanced nutrition. 2. Build a cooperation between sectors and partnerships with communities and businesses in mobilizing food supply resources. 3. Improve human resource capabilities and skills as well as public health service programs in the management of malnutrition, nutritional problems or nutritional counseling.

In The Law No. 18 of 2012 chapter I article 1 by The House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia and the President of the Republic of Indonesia decides the law Concerning Food. This law explains that all Indonesians must have access to food. Food security in article 1 paragraph 4 is the fulfillment of food for the state up to the individuals, that is reflected by food availibility that is sufficient, both in quantity and quality, safe, diverse, nutritious, prevalent and affordable as well as not conflicting with religion, belief and culture, to live healthy, active and productive in a sustainable manner.

In chapter II article 5 explains scope of implementation of Food Organization includes food availibility and food affordability. It means that the government must regulate in such a way that food is available and reachable by the people. Both of two articles from The Law No. 18 of 2012 implied the purpose of the law was to anticipate the lack of food availibility to reduce malnutrition problems. In the context of nutrition, one of the efforts to develop democratic culture among nutrition officers is through the application of Pancasila in the nutrition profession. As Indonesian we must recognize Pancasila, a guide for all forms of life of nation and state in Indonesia.

Reducing Undernutrition Greatly reducing undernutrition in the developing world will be complicated and take considerable time to acomplish. Three basics approaches to counteract micronutrient deficiencies are suggested by the World Bank such as increase diversity of the food supply, fortify specific foods with nutrient and provide nutrient supplementation for individuals when necessary. These are possible solutions of hunger that contribute to meeting the overall goal: 1. Fortification of indigenous foods and access to nutrient supplements in high risk settings. 2. Educational opportunities especially for women. 3. Improved infrastructure (roads, schools, and irrigation system). 4. Support of small scale farming efforts, including fish farming. As mentioned before, the implementation of The Law No. 18 of 2012 was established in food availability and food affordability. In realizing food availability, government has the obligation to manage stability of food supply and price to achieve sufficient Staple Food that is safe and nutritious for people. In realizing food affordability, government implement policies in the sector of distribution, marketing, trading, staple food supply andd price stabilizations and food aid.